Unit 10
I、上次课外练习参考译文：
科学从经验中发现事物的法则和意义，而且发现的方法判然不同。科学发现的方法就如牛顿在晚年的自述中所讲述的方法，而这种方法在教科书里只有夸张的描述。
1665年牛顿22岁的时候，英格兰南部瘟疫爆发，剑桥大学关门了。于是以后的18个月牛顿就在家里度过。正值渴求知识之时却脱离了传统方式的学习。用他本人的话说，“当时我正处于发明创造的大好年华。”带着这种孩子气的迫切心情，有一天他坐在寡母的园子里，看到一只苹果掉落下来。
年轻的牛顿看到苹果掉落时，想到的不是苹果一定受到地球引力的作用而落到地面，那种想法早在牛顿之前就有了。他想到的是，到达树梢的这一地球引力有可能超越地球和大气层，继续向外延伸到漫无止境的空间。地球引力可能传到月球。这才是牛顿的新想法；也许正是地球引力才保持月球在轨道上的运行。
牛顿当即测算了地球要吸引住月球需要多大的力，并将其与果树高度的已知地球引力作了比较。两种力是一致的。牛顿扼要地说道：“我发现答案十分接近。”然而，两者之间只是接近而已：相似与接近是不可分割的，因为没有一种相似是绝对精确的。正是从牛顿的科学中现代科学才得到了充分的发展。
II、英汉翻译原理第四讲：怎样表达译文：（续）
四、要完整无遗地传达原文的意义：
【例82】 Before we can learn to appreciate those different from us, we must open our hearts to tolerance.
×在我们学会正确评价与自己不同的人之前，我们必须胸襟开阔，能够忍让。
【译文】 我们要心胸开阔，善于忍让，才能学会正确评价与自己不同的人。
【例83】 Any person not leaving litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of ￡5.
×凡不往这个篓内扔杂物者罚款5镑。
【译文】 杂物须扔入篓内，凡乱扔者罚款5镑。
【例84】 At the sight of Napoleon, the young Frenchman clicked his heels together.
×年青的法国人一见到拿破仑就把两只脚跟喀嚓并在一起。
【译文】 年青的法国士兵一见拿破仑就两脚喀嚓一声并拢，立正敬礼。
五、遣字造句要结合和借鉴语景：
【例85】 If a heavy body is to be lifted to a certain height, work must be done, or energy expended, equal to the weight of the body multiplied by the height through which it is raised.
【译文】 如果把重物举到一定高度，一定要做功或者消耗能；而这个功或能就等于物体重量乘以物体举起的高度。
【例86】 Sony's $3.4 billion deal for Columbia Pictures marks Japan's biggest U.S. takeover ever -- and adds to fears that it is "buying America" and taking an invincible lead in trade and technology.
【译文】 索尼公司用34亿美元买下了哥抡比亚电影公司，这是迄今为止日本对美国一笔金额最大的收购，而且使人们更加担心日本正在“收购美国”，正在贸易和技术方面不可阻挡地发挥着主导作用。
【例87】 The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.
【译文】 美国大陆东起大西洋西至太平洋，横跨4,500公里。北与加拿大接壤，南与墨西哥和墨西哥弯毗邻。
【例88】 Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths so that no one else can find out for whom a citizen is voting.
【译文】 选票不记名，由选民在隔离的投票站里圈出被选举人，别人无法知道哪一位公民投了谁的票。
【例89】 That the vitamin is sensitive to light was recognized only later.
×维生素感光只是后来承认的。
【译文】 人们只是到后来才认识到维生素的光敏作用。
六、要善于运用各种翻译技巧：
【例90】 A change in the operating frequency is easily accomplished by operating a switch installed on a monitoring alarm.
【译文】 操作监视告警器上的开关，工作频率就会自然产生变化。
III、课堂练习（将以下句子译成汉语，译文表达应通顺流畅）：
1. The government left its policy open to various interpretations.
2. To see his likeness perpetuated in marble is to me today a sad but pleasing sensation.
3. I suppose he will be awfully proud, and that I shall be treated most contemptuously. Still I must bear my hard lot as well as I can.
4. The longest life and the shortest amount to the same. For the present is of equal duration for all, and what we lose is not ours.
5. Many Londoners believe that the city needs to have all its transport requirements looked at together to ensure that the entire transport system works as a single, efficient unit.
6. Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-manufacture it, and this made it available to the ordinary man.
7. The Labour government says that the private sector should take most, but not all, of the responsibility for public transport. In London, the underground railway system -- known as the "Tube" -- is likely to be where this policy is first put into practice.
8. It's raining, again. As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing FLASHbacks, and a chill from within fills me with dread. It's raining, again.
IV、课堂练习参考译文：
1. 政府听任人们对其政策作各种解释。
2. 今天看到了他永垂不朽的大理石雕像，我悲喜交集。
3. 我猜他准是傲气十足，不把我放在眼里。尽管如此，我也只好尽量逆来顺受了。
4. 最长寿和最短暂的人生是相同的，因为目前这段时间对所有人来说都一样长，时间一旦失去就不再属于我们。
5. 许多伦敦人认为，伦敦需要对全部交通需求作通盘考虑，从而确保整个交通系统成为一个统一高效的运行机构。
6. 汽车不是亨利•福特发明的，但他却是大批量生产汽车的第一人，从而使普通老百姓能够拥有汽车。
7. 工党政府说，私营企业应承担起公共交通的大部分业务，而不是全部业务。这项政策可能首先在当地人称作“Tube”的伦敦地铁系统付诸实施。
8. 天，又下雨了。我躺在床上睡不着，听着雨点劈里啪啦地打着路面，思绪万千，恍恍惚惚地走进了幽暗的通道，脑际浮现出许多痛苦的往事，心里一阵冰凉，不由得毛骨悚然。天，又下雨了。
V、课外练习（将以下短文译成汉语，注意译文表达的通顺流畅）：
It was a bleak, rainy day, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn's house. But she had insisted that I come see something at the top of the mountain.
Turning down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge blackGREen evergreens towered over. Gradually the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind. Then we turned a corner -- and I stopped and gasped in amazement.
From the top of the mountain, sloping for several acres across folds and valleys, were rivers of daffodils in radiant bloom. A profusion of color -- from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon to the most vivid salmon -- blazed like a carpet before us. It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside.
A riot of questions filled my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?
As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign: ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS I KNOW YOU ARE ASKING. The first answer was: ONE WOMAN -- TWO HANDS, TWO FEET AND VERY LITTLE BRAIN. The second was: ONE AT A TIME. The third: STARTED IN 1958.
As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen I could scarcely speak. "She changed the world," I finally said, "one bulb at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it." The wonder of it would not let me go. "Imagine," I said, "if I'd had a vision and worked at it, jut a little bit every day, what might have I accomplished?" (299 words)
目录：
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之1
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之2
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之3
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之4
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之5
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之6
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之7
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之8
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之9
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之10
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之11
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之12
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之13
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之14
复旦大学名师翻译讲义之15
