对于英语,我们需要把陌生的单词片语和句型语法不断的熟悉和熟练,使之成为我们的一种习惯,把它变成我们的第二天性。因此,重复重复再重复,熟练熟练再熟练,是学会英语的不二法门。下面是作文地带给大家整理的一些高中英语语法的学习资料,希望对大家有所帮助。
高中英语语法:代词
一.概念:
代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
二.相关知识点精讲
1.人称代词
1)人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。
2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:
I like table tennis. (作主语)
Do you know him?(作宾语)
3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
2. 物主代词
1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性
物主代词,如下表所示。
2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)
3. 指示代词
指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。
1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
In those days the workers had a hard time.
2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲
到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4)this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代词
英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"
等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。 反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1)作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表语。
It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
5. 不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表
语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1)some与any的区别
①some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
③any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
①用作形容词:
含义 表示肯定
用法 用于可数名词 a few虽少,但有几个 用于不可数名词 a little,虽少,但有一点
含义 表示否定 用法 用于可数名词 用法few不多,几乎没有 用于不可数名词 little不多,没有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
高中英语语法大全:动词不定式
一.相关知识点精讲:1. 不定式作补语
有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
advise
allow
cause
challenge
command
compel
drive 驱使
enable
encourage
forbid
force
impel
induce
instruct
invite
like/love
order
permit
make
let
have
want
get
warn
persuade
request
send
tell
train
urge
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider find
believe
think
declare(声称)
appoint
guess
fancy(设想)
guess
judge
imagine
know
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。
3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如:
believe expect
intend
like
love
mean
prefer
want
wish
understand
例如:
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2. 不定式作主语
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。
3. It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法:
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。例如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for。)
高中英语语法速记口诀
一、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,
可数名词单,须用a或an,
辅音前用a,an在元音前,
若为特指时,则须用定冠,
复数不可数,泛指the不见,
碰到代词时,冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】
冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数,规则要记住,
一般加s,特殊有几处:
【妙语诠释】
①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
三、名词所有格用法
【速记口诀】
名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,
若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,
词尾有s,仅把逗号择;
并列名词后,各自和共有,
前者分别加,后者最后加;
若为无生命词,of所有格,
前后须倒置,此是硬规则。
【妙语诠释】
①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。