作文地带小编导读：《孙子兵法--计篇》是春秋末年的齐国人孙武的作品。《计篇》是《孙子兵法》十三篇中的第一篇，对全书具有总纲的性质。在这一篇里，讲了四层意思：1. 讲了军事对于国家（指古代诸侯国）的极端重要性（“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。”）；2. 阐述了从宏观战略上看，决定战争胜负的五个要素；3. 阐述了用兵要“因利而制权”的观点，即要善于根据战争情势的变化灵活机动地运用战略战术；4.强调了在用兵前进行周密谋划、运筹的重要性。
《孙子兵法---计篇》
孙子曰：
兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。道者，令民于上同意，故可与之死，可与之生，而不畏危；天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；法者，曲制、官道、主用也。
凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。
故校之以计而索其情，曰：主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。
将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。
计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。势者，因利而制权也。
兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之，攻其无备，出其不意。此兵家之胜，不可先传也。
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。
Estimates
Sun Wu
War is a matter of vital importance to the state; a matter of life and death, the road either to survival or to ruin. Hence, it is imperative that it be studied thoroughly.
Therefore, appraise it in terms of the five fundamental factors and make comparisons of the various conditions of the antagonistic sides in order to ascertain the results of a war. The first of these factors is politics; the second, weather; the third, terrain; the fourth, the commander; and the fifth, doctrine. Politics means the thing which causes the people to be in harmony with their ruler so that they will follow him in disregard of their lives and without fear of any danger. Weather signifies night and day, cold and heat, fine days and rain, and change of seasons. Terrain means distances, and refers to whether the ground is traversed with ease or difficulty and to whether it is open or constricted, and influences your chances of life or death. The commander stands for the general's qualities of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage, and strictness. Doctrine is to be understood as the organization of the army, the gradations of rank among the officers, the regulations of supply routes, and the provision of military materials to the army.
These five fundamental factors are familiar to every general. Those who master them win; those who do not are defeated. Therefore, in laying plans, compare the following seven elements, appraising them with the utmost care.
1.Which ruler is wise and more able?
2.Which commander is more talented?
3.Which army obtains the advantages of nature and the terrain?
4.In which army are regulations and instructions better carried out?
5.Which troops are stronger?
6.Which army has the better-trained officers and men?
7.Which army administers rewards and punishments in a more enlightened and correct way?
By means of these seven elements, I shall be able to forecast which side will be victorious and which will be defeated.
The general who heeds my counsel is sure to win. Such a general should be retained in command. One who ignores my counsel is certain to be defeated. Such a one should be dismissed.
Having paid attention to my counsel and plans, the general must create a situation which will contribute to their accomplishment. By 'situation' I mean he should take the field situation into consideration and act in accordance with what is advantageous.
All warfare is based on deception. Therefore, when capable of attacking, feign incapacity; when active in moving troops, feign inactivity. When near the enemy, make it seem that you are far away; when far away, make it seem that you are near. Hold out baits to lure the enemy. Strike the enemy when he is in disorder. Prepare against the enemy when he is secure at all points. Avoid the enemy for the time being when he is stronger. If your opponent is of choleric temper, try to irritate him. If he is arrogant, try to encourage his egotism. If the enemy troops are well prepared after reorganization, try to wear them down. If they are united, try to sow dissension among them. Attack the enemy where he is unprepared, and appear where you are not expected. These are the keys to victory for a strategist. It is not possible to formulate them in detail beforehand.
Now, if the estimates made before a battle indicate victory, it is because careful calculations show that your conditions are more favorable than those of your enemy; if they indicate defeat, it is because careful calculations show that favorable conditions for a battle are fewer. With more careful calculations, one can win; with less, one cannot. How much less chance of victory has one who makes no calculations at all! By this means, one can foresee the outcome of a battle.
