作文地带小编导读：《孙子兵法--形篇》是春秋末年的齐国人孙武的作品。形篇是《孙子兵法》的第四篇，讲的是具有客观、稳定、易见等性质的因素，如战斗力的强弱、战争的物质准备。说详细一点，这一篇是议论战争的攻守问题，而着重又是议论如何造成一种守必固、攻必克，以求“全胜”的形势。
《孙子兵法---形篇》
孙子曰：
昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。故曰：胜可知，而不可为。
不可胜者，守也；可胜者，攻也。守则不足，攻则有余。善守者藏于九地之下，善攻者动于九天之上，故能自保而全胜也。见胜不过众人之所知，非善之善者也；战胜而天下曰善，非善之善者也。故举秋毫不为多力，见日月不为明目，闻雷霆不为聪耳。古之所谓善战者，胜于易胜者也。故善战者之胜也，无智名，无勇功，故其战胜不忒。不忒者，其所措必胜，胜已败者也。故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。善用兵者，修道而保法，故能为胜败之政。
兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰数，四曰称，五曰胜。地生度，度生量，量生数，数生称，称生胜。故胜兵若以镒称铢，败兵若以铢称镒。胜者之战民也，若决积水于千仞之溪者，形也。
Dispositions
Sun WU
The skillful warriors in ancient times first made themselvesinvincible and then awaited the enemy's moment of vulnerability. Invincibilitydepends on oneself, but the enemy' vulnerability on himself. It follows thatthose skilled in war can make themselves invincible but cannot cause an enemyto be certainly vulnerable. Therefore, it can be said that, one may know how towin, but cannot necessarily do so.
Defend yourself when you cannot defeat the enemy, and attack theenemy when you can. One defends when his strength is inadequate; he attackswhen it is abundant. Those who are skilled in defense hide themselves as underthe nine-fold earth; [in ancient China, the number nine was used to signify thehighest number.] those in attack flash forth as from above the nine-foldheavens. Thus, they are capable both of protecting themselves and of gaining acomplete victory.
To foresee a victory which the ordinary man can foresee is not theacme of excellence. Neither is it if you triumph in battle and are universallyacclaimed 'expert,' for to lift an autumn down requires no great strength, todistinguish between the sun and moon is no test of vision, to hear thethunderclap is no indication of acute hearing. In ancient times, those calledskilled in war conquered an enemy easily conquered. And, therefore, thevictories won by a master of war gain him neither reputation for wisdom normerit for courage. For he wins his victories without erring. Without erring heestablishes the certainty of his victory; he conquers an enemy alreadydefeated. Therefore, the skillful commander takes up a position in which hecannot be defeated and misses no opportunity to overcome his enemy. Thus, avictorious army always seeks battle after his plans indicate that victory ispossible under them, whereas an army destined to defeat fights in the hope ofwinning but without any planning. Those skilled in war cultivate their policiesand strictly adhere to the laws and regulations. Thus, it is in their power tocontrol success.
Now, the elements of the art of war are first, the measurement ofspace; second, the estimation of quantities; third, calculations; fourth,comparisons; and fifth, chances of victory. Measurements of space are derivedfrom the ground. Quantities derive from measurement, figures from quantities,comparisons from figures, and victory from comparisons. Thus, a victorious armyis as one yi [an ancient Chinese weight, approximately equivalent to 24 ounces]balanced against a grain, and a defeated army is as a grain balanced againstone yi.
It is because of disposition that a victorious general is able tomake his soldiers fight with the effect of pent-up waters which, suddenlyreleased, plunge into a bottomless abyss.
